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Linux操作系统中主要实用数据结构简介

2008-4-8chinaunix佚名

  本文列出了Linux主要的实用数据结构。

block_dev_struct

  此结构用于向核心登记块设备,它还被buffer cache实用。所有此类结构都位于blk_dev数组中。

    struct blk_dev_struct {
     void (*request_fn)(void);
     struct request * current_request;
     struct request plug;
     struct tq_struct plug_tq;
     };
     buffer_head

此结构包含关于buffer cache中一块缓存的信息。
     /* bh state bits */
     #define BH_Uptodate 0 /* 1 if the buffer contains valid data */
     #define BH_Dirty 1 /* 1 if the buffer is dirty */
     #define BH_Lock 2 /* 1 if the buffer is locked */
     #define BH_Req 3 /* 0 if the buffer has been invalidated */
     #define BH_Touched 4 /* 1 if the buffer has been touched (aging) */
     #define BH_Has_aged 5 /* 1 if the buffer has been aged (aging) */
     #define BH_Protected 6 /* 1 if the buffer is protected */
     #define BH_FreeOnIO 7 /* 1 to discard the buffer_head after IO */
     struct buffer_head {
     /* First cache line: */
     unsigned long b_blocknr; /* block number */
     kdev_t b_dev; /* device (B_FREE = free) */
     kdev_t b_rdev; /* Real device */
     unsigned long b_rsector; /* Real buffer location on disk */
     struct buffer_head *b_next; /* Hash queue list */
     struct buffer_head *b_this_page; /* circular list of buffers in one
     page */
     /* Second cache line: */
     unsigned long b_state; /* buffer state bitmap (above) */
     struct buffer_head *b_next_free;
     unsigned int b_count; /* users using this block */
     unsigned long b_size; /* block size */
     /* Non-performance-critical data follows. */
     char *b_data; /* pointer to data block */
     unsigned int b_list; /* List that this buffer appears */
     unsigned long b_flushtime; /* Time when this (dirty) buffer
     * should be written */
     unsigned long b_lru_time; /* Time when this buffer was
     * last used. */
     struct wait_queue *b_wait;
     struct buffer_head *b_prev; /* doubly linked hash list */
     struct buffer_head *b_prev_free; /* doubly linked list of buffers */
     struct buffer_head *b_reqnext; /* request queue */
     };
     device

系统中每个网络设备都用一个设备数据结构来表示。
     struct device
     {
     /*
     * This is the first field of the "visible" part of this structure
     * (i.e. as seen by users in the "Space.c" file). It is the name
     * the interface.
     */
     char *name;
     /* I/O specific fields */
     unsigned long rmem_end; /* shmem "recv" end */
     unsigned long rmem_start; /* shmem "recv" start */
     unsigned long mem_end; /* shared mem end */
     unsigned long mem_start; /* shared mem start */
     unsigned long base_addr; /* device I/O address */
     unsigned char irq; /* device IRQ number */
     /* Low-level status flags. */
     volatile unsigned char start, /* start an operation */
     interrupt; /* interrupt arrived */
     unsigned long tbusy; /* transmitter busy */
     struct device *next;
     /* The device initialization function. Called only once. */
     int (*init)(struct device *dev);
     /* Some hardware also needs these fields, but they are not part of
     the usual set specified in Space.c. */
     unsigned char if_port; /* Selectable AUI,TP, */
     unsigned char dma; /* DMA channel */
     struct enet_statistics* (*get_stats)(struct device *dev);
     /*
     * This marks the end of the "visible" part of the structure. All
     * fields hereafter are internal to the system, and may change at
     * will (read: may be cleaned up at will).
     */
     /* These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */
     unsigned long trans_start; /* Time (jiffies) of last transmit */
     unsigned long last_rx; /* Time of last Rx */
     unsigned short flags; /* interface flags (BSD)*/
     unsigned short family; /* address family ID */
     unsigned short metric; /* routing metric */
     unsigned short mtu; /* MTU value */
     unsigned short type; /* hardware type */
     unsigned short hard_header_len; /* hardware hdr len */
     void *priv; /* private data */
     /* Interface address info. */
     unsigned char broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
     unsigned char pad;
     unsigned char dev_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
     unsigned char addr_len; /* hardware addr len */
     unsigned long pa_addr; /* protocol address */
     unsigned long pa_brdaddr; /* protocol broadcast addr*/
     unsigned long pa_dstaddr; /* protocol P-P other addr*/
     unsigned long pa_mask; /* protocol netmask */
     unsigned short pa_alen; /* protocol address len */
     struct dev_mc_list *mc_list; /* M'cast mac addrs */
     int mc_count; /* No installed mcasts */
     struct ip_mc_list *ip_mc_list; /* IP m'cast filter chain */
     __u32 tx_queue_len; /* Max frames per queue */
     /* For load balancing driver pair support */
     unsigned long pkt_queue; /* Packets queued */
     struct device *slave; /* Slave device */
     struct net_alias_info *alias_info; /* main dev alias info */
     struct net_alias *my_alias; /* alias devs */
     /* Pointer to the interface buffers. */
     struct sk_buff_head buffs[DEV_NUMBUFFS];
     /* Pointers to interface service routines. */
     int (*open)(struct device *dev);
     int (*stop)(struct device *dev);
     int (*hard_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,
     struct device *dev);
     int (*hard_header) (struct sk_buff *skb,
     struct device *dev,
     unsigned short type,
     void *daddr,
     void *saddr,
     unsigned len);
     int (*rebuild_header)(void *eth,
     struct device *dev,
     unsigned long raddr,
     struct sk_buff *skb);
     void (*set_multicast_list)(struct device *dev);
     int (*set_mac_address)(struct device *dev,
     void *addr);
     int (*do_ioctl)(struct device *dev,
     struct ifreq *ifr,
     int cmd);
     int (*set_config)(struct device *dev,
     struct ifmap *map);
     void (*header_cache_bind)(struct hh_cache **hhp,
     struct device *dev,
     unsigned short htype,
     __u32 daddr);
     void (*header_cache_update)(struct hh_cache *hh,
     struct device *dev,
     unsigned char * haddr);
     int (*change_mtu)(struct device *dev,
     int new_mtu);
     struct iw_statistics* (*get_wireless_stats)(struct device *dev);
     };
     device_struct

此结构被块设备和字符设备用来向核心登记(包含设备名称以及可对此设备进行的文件操作)。chrdevs和blkdevs中的每个有效分别表示一个字符设备和块设备。
     struct device_struct {
     const char * name;
     struct file_operations * fops;
     };
     file
每个打开的文件、套接口都用此结构表示。

    struct file {
     mode_t f_mode;
     loff_t f_pos;
     unsigned short f_flags;
     unsigned short f_count;
     unsigned long f_reada, f_ramax, f_raend, f_ralen, f_rawin;
     struct file *f_next, *f_prev;
     int f_owner; /* pid or -pgrp where SIGIO should be sent */
     struct inode * f_inode;
     struct file_operations * f_op;
     unsigned long f_version;
     void *private_data; /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
     };
     files_struct

  描叙被某进程打开的所有文件。

    struct files_struct {
     int count;
     fd_set close_on_exec;
     fd_set open_fds;
     struct file * fd[NR_OPEN];
     };
     fs_struct
     struct fs_struct {
     int count;
     unsigned short umask;
     struct inode * root, * pwd;
     };
     gendisk

  包含关于某个硬盘的信息。用于磁盘初始化与分区检查时。

    struct hd_struct {
     long start_sect;
     long nr_sects;
     };
     struct gendisk {
     int major; /* major number of driver */
     const char *major_name; /* name of major driver */
     int minor_shift; /* number of times minor is shifted to get real minor */
     int max_p; /* maximum partitions per device */
     int max_nr; /* maximum number of real devices */
     void (*init)(struct gendisk *);
     /* Initialization called before we do our thing */
     struct hd_struct *part; /* partition table */
     int *sizes; /* device size in blocks, copied to blk_size[] */
     int nr_real; /* number of real devices */
     void *real_devices; /* internal use */
     struct gendisk *next;
     };
     inode

  此VFS inode结构描叙磁盘上一个文件或目录的信息。

    struct inode {
     kdev_t i_dev;
     unsigned long i_ino;
     umode_t i_mode;
     nlink_t i_nlink;
     uid_t i_uid;
     gid_t i_gid;
     kdev_t i_rdev;
     off_t i_size;
     time_t i_atime;
     time_t i_mtime;
     time_t i_ctime;
     unsigned long i_blksize;
     unsigned long i_blocks;
     unsigned long i_version;
     unsigned long i_nrpages;
     struct semaphore i_sem;
     struct inode_operations *i_op;
     struct super_block *i_sb;
     struct wait_queue *i_wait;
     struct file_lock *i_flock;
     struct vm_area_struct *i_mmap;
     struct page *i_pages;
     struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
     struct inode *i_next, *i_prev;
     struct inode *i_hash_next, *i_hash_prev;
     struct inode *i_bound_to, *i_bound_by;
     struct inode *i_mount;
     unsigned short i_count;
     unsigned short i_flags;
     unsigned char i_lock;
     unsigned char i_dirt;
     unsigned char i_pipe;
     unsigned char i_sock;
     unsigned char i_seek;
     unsigned char i_update;
     unsigned short i_writecount;
     union {
     struct pipe_inode_info pipe_i;
     struct minix_inode_info minix_i;
     struct ext_inode_info ext_i;
     struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i;
     struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i;
     struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i;
     struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i;
     struct iso_inode_info isofs_i;
     struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i;
     struct xiafs_inode_info xiafs_i;
     struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i;
     struct affs_inode_info affs_i;
     struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i;
     struct socket socket_i;
     void *generic_ip;
     } u;
     };
     ipc_perm

  此结构描叙对一个系统V IPC对象的存取权限。

    struct ipc_perm
     {
     key_t key;
     ushort uid; /* owner euid and egid */
     ushort gid;
     ushort cuid; /* creator euid and egid */
     ushort cgid;
     ushort mode; /* access modes see mode flags below */
     ushort seq; /* sequence number */
     };
     irqaction

  用来描叙系统的中断处理过程。

    struct irqaction {
     void (*handler)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *);
     unsigned long flags;
     unsigned long mask;
     const char *name;
     void *dev_id;
     struct irqaction *next;
     };
     linux_binfmt

  以上就是Linux中主要的数据结构及其功能,要想把Linux学好必须掌握这些数据结构。

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本文来源:chinaunix 作者:佚名

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