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Linux下常用的系统状态查询命令介绍

2008-4-8赛迪网佚名
列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息:如逻辑单元号,硬件地址及设备文件名等。
   # ps -ef
  列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息:如进程号及进程名等。
   # netstat -rn
  列出网卡状态及路由信息等。
   # netstat -in
  列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。
   # df -k
  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。
   # mount
  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。
   # uname -a
  列出系统ID 号,系统名称,OS版本等信息。
   # hostname
  列出系统网络名称。
   # lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg
  显示逻辑卷组信息,如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。
   # lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv
  显示逻辑卷各种信息,如包含哪些盘,是否有镜像等。
  八 网络故障定位方法
  网络不通的诊断过程:
   ifconfig 查看网卡是否启动 (up)
   netstat –i 查看网卡状态
   Ierrs/Ipkts 和 Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%
   ping自己网卡地址 (ip 地址)
   ping其它机器地址,如不通,在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。
  在同一网中, subnetmask 应一致。
  网络配置的基本方法:
   (1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等,一定要用 chdev 命令
   # chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost
   # chdev -l en0 -a netaddr='9.3.240.58' -a netmask=255.255.255.0’
   (2) 查看网卡状态:# lsdev –Cc if
   (3) 确认网络地址:# ifconfig en0
   (4) 启动网卡:# ifconfig en0 up
   (5) 配置路由
  有两种方式加入路由:
  永久路由
   # chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’
  临时路由
   # route add 10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59
  用命令 netstat -rn 查看路由表
  附:常用命令列表:
   Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,
   fn = filename
   DIR = Directory
   | = pipe symbol
  
   bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)
   cat -view contents of a file
   cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output
   cat fn fn > newfile -combines two files to a single file
   cd -will return you to default DIR
   cd / -will put in root DIR
   cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system
   cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time
   cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir
   cfgmgr -will auto config devices
   cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background
   chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt'l PPs)
   cp oldfn newfn -copy a file
   cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory
   crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user
   ctrl + v -will page down 1 page
   ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page
   del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn
   df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)
   df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4
   diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration
   diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)
   diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive
   dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS
   dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette
   dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY
   doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX
   errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors
   errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)
   errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors
   errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date
   errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)
   errpt -d S -list software errors
   errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.
   errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column
   errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column
   errclear 0 -clears errorlog
   errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter
   errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.
   finger -same as who but with more details
   flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette
   format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive
   format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44
   hostname -responds with host system name
   host (hostname) -responds with internet address
   instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed
   lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs
   lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx
   lpstat -a all -view all printer queues
   lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0
   ls -list names of files & directories in current dir
   ls -lia -list details of files, current dir & subdir
   ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir
   lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device
   lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)
   lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter
   lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt
   lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)
   lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices
   lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices
   lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices
   lscons -lists the assigned console
   lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)
   lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines
   lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)
   lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP
   lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd
   lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs
   lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column
   lsps -a -checks available paging space
   lsps -s -checks available paging space
   lspv -lists information about the physical volumes
   lspv hdisk# -list drive info
   lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in
   lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users
   lsvg -lists volume groups
   lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)
   more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.
   mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)
   mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)
   mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file
   oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)
   pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.
   pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty's
   pdisable tty# -disables a tty
   penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty's
   penable tty# -enables a tty
   ps -el |pg -look at process running on system
   pwd -list what DIR you are currently in
   r -repeats last command
   rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure
   rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base
   rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base
   set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run
   :wq -write(save) and quit file
   Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command
   k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command
   I -use with SET command inserts characters
   j -steps you backwards
   cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word
   (use with Esc)
   a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)
   R -lets you type over letters or words
   smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)
   su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)
   su -switches to root id or prompts you for password
   su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX's id
   tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive
   tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive
   tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind & eject tape
   tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR
   tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)
   tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive
   & -put any command in background with process ID

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本文来源:赛迪网 作者:佚名

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